Adjustable voltage supplies



L. DIETCH ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE SUPPL-IES Filed Feb. 9, 1955 Nov. 12

L Il

M3225 Patented Nov. 12, 1957 ADJUSTABLE vormen SUPPLIES Leonard Dietch, Haddonlield, N. J., assigner to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Deiaware Application February 9, 1955, Serial No. 487,063 v Claims. (Cl. 315-22) This invention relates generally to voltage supplies and more particularly to adjustable voltage supplies of a type suitable for use in satisfying the adjustable focus voltage requirements of a cathode ray tube.

Focusing of the beam of a cathode ray tube may be eifected electromagnetically or electrostatically. Electrostatic focusing is quite generally practiced in color kinescopes. The focus voltage requirements for a typical tricolor kinescope, such as one of the general type described in the article by H. B. Law entitled A three-gun shadowmask kinescope, appearing in the October 1951 issue of the Proceedings of the I. R. E., are significantly more demanding than those of an electrostatically focused monochrome kinescope. To satisfy the focus voltage requirements of a color kinescope with the requisite regulation and without excessive power losses requires improvement over the performance of the usual type of focus Voltage supply heretofore used for monochrome kinescopes of the electrostatic focus type. It is a conventional practice to develop a focus voltage for an electrostatically focused kinescope via rectification of the high amplitude transient voltage pulses appearing in the kinescopes associated horizontal deflection wave output transformer during retrace periods of the line scanning cycle, when cutoff of the horizontal output tube causes a sudden collapse of the magnetic eld of the horizontal deflection yoke. The usual focus voltage supply of this type simply involves tapping the horizontal output transformer at a point of suitable flyback pulse potential, connecting a diode and a capacitor between the tap and a point of reference potential, shunting a bleeder resistance across the D.C. output of the rectifying diode, and adjustably tapping the bleeder resistance to derive the variable focus voltage.

In accordance with the present invention a novel and improved adjustable voltage supply is provided, which may satisfactorily serve as the variable focus supply for a color kinescope, and which in relation to the conventional focus supply described above achieves comparable regulation with significantly lowered power consumption and Vwith an appreciable reduction in component cost. In

accordance with an embodiment of the invention, such results are achieved by connecting a potentiometer between points on the horizontal output transformer of pulse potential corresponding to the required focus potential range limits, connecting the focus rectifier anode to the adjustable potentiometer tap, and connecting the kinescope focus anode directly to the focus rectier cathode. A focus supply of this novel type requires less costly resistance elements than the usual focus supply, involves a saving of at least one capacitor, and in a practical example may result in a saving in power consumption of the order of 1:6 relative to the power consumption of a conventional focus supply. Further savings in power dissipation may also be realized in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention by providing a direct connection between the center-tap of the focus voltage adjusting potentiometer and a point on the transformer of similar pulse potential.

Thus, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved adjustable voltage supply.

It is an additional object of the present invention to provide a color television receiver with an improved, low cost, low power adjustable focus supply.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide an improved color kinescope focus voltage supply wherein the requisite regulation is achieved with minimized power losses.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be recognized by those skilled in the art after a reading of the following detailed description and an inspection of the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 illustrates in block and schematic form a color television receiver utilizing an adjustable voltage supply in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention to supply operating potential to the focus electrode of the receivers kinescope.

Figures 2 and 3 illustrate schematically modifications of the focus supply shown in Figure 1 in accordance with additional embodiments of the present invention.

In Figure 1, a color television receiver is illustrated essentially in block form, which is generally representative of presently contemplated color receivers for use with signals in accordance with the revised FCC color broadcast standards. Carrier waves modulated by a composite color picture signal are received and video signals recovered therefrom by conventional television signal receiving apparatus 11, which may include the usual R. F. tuner, converting apparatus, I. F. amplifier, signal detector, etc. Synchronizing information is derived from the recovered signals in the sync separator 15 and utilized to synchronously control the receivers color-reference oscillator 17, to control the generation of vertical scanning waves in the vertical deection circuits 19, and control the generation of horizontal frequency sawtooth voltage waves in the horizontal sawtooth wave generator 21.

Respective color mixture signals (e. g. R-Y, B-Y and G-Y color difference signals) are recovered from the video signal output of apparatus 11 in the chrorninance channel 25, which utilizes the output of the color-referp type. Color image reproducers of this general type are discussed in some detail in the aforementioned article by H. B. Law. In a color image reproducer of this type, three electron beams are used, one for each primary color. The beams strike a phosphor screen composed of a regular array of red-, green, and blue-emitting phosphor dots. Between the electron gun position and the phosphor screen there is placed a thin perforated metal sheet for the purpose of partially masking the electron beams. The phosphor dot array on the screen comprises a plurality of closely spaced phosphor dot trios, each trio consisting of Ia red-, green, and blue-emitting phosphor dot with the centers of the dots lying at the corners of an equilateral triangle. The trios themselves lie at the corners of an equilateral triangle of larger size. Associated with each of the phosphor dot trios is a hole in the video mask, these holes also being located at the corners of an equilateral triangle. The three beams, disposed apart "pointonlthe target. Y l :Electromagneticbeam convergence apparatusg'fenergized lay-suitable dynamicconvergence-waveformsfgenerrespectively. The ltarget-structure 51h ofYt-he illustrative color kinescope1'40may be' consideredtobe-ofithef-fgeneral shadow-mask type above described.

As schematically illustrated,fthe 1 three Sele'ctron'v beams areA developedland shaped -infrespective= electrongun structures, each including athermionic-cathode@4L-fa-control `r grid '43,' la liirst'- anode orfacceleratingelectrode-14S; andi a focusing electrode 47. The electron gun structures may befdisposed` symmetrically-aboutvthe-tubefaxis:such as to produce threesubstantiallyl parallel beams,for may be inclined at respectivefanglesfto#the tube: axis* so1 asgto pro- Vide three beams substantially -Kcoriver'gingi at'aecommon ated inf the beam convergence circuitsl56-alon`g withjan appropriate (static convergence)l DiCfcomponentfserves i toconverge the `three"beamsi-to'ea-commonhpoint iinxthe "plane ofthe-'sha'dow-'mask of targetstructureSIithroughout thefsca'n'ning ofl theurafster. Theprin'ciplesf' multi- `beamy convergence, #aridi a i description*y of typical circuits for developing Vdynamic l'convergence"fwaveformsifrom sawtooth vwaves offieldlan'dv lineifrequenc'y mayebejfound in'anfa'rticle by-fAlbertW. Friendappearing in the October 1'95 l 'issue' of the-Proceedings'of the: IRKE.V adentitled VDeflectionand yconvergence in color'kinescopes. As

illustrated; the beam convergence;circuitsmay derivethe respective; sawtothfinformation from the tverticsal' deiiection'circ'uits 51'9'andthe horizontal output'transform'erS,

and convert" theseV sawto'oth waves "intoie'ssentially parabolic waveforms, Vvasdisclosed uin Vthe "aforementioned Friend articley'ffor combinedappli'cation withv a' D.`C.

component as suitable convergence waveforms'jto .theconvergence apparatus49. Y Y

:Toeifect deflection'ofthe threejbeams to trace a scanning raster on lthe'target structure 51, adetlection'yoke 53 is 'provided with appropriately disposed. horizontal and -vertical" deflectionwindings. lThe yokel 53 .is"illus'trated as having'vertical' yoke terminals V-`V,'to` whichtield frequency scanning waves developed in the vertical'deection circuits `19f are applied, and horizontal yoke terminals H-H, deriving line Vfrequency scanning` waves'frorn.V the i horizontalv output tube 61V via'the horizontaloutput 'transformer. The illustrated horizontal outputt'rarsformer'la is of the autotransformerjtype, the output of the horizontal output tube 61 being applied across a selected portionof the total series of windings, and the horizontal yoke being effectively coupled across a smaller segmentof 4this* portion. The driving connection of outputtube 61 to, the transformerf63 is illustrated as' being at an intermediate pointY, whilethe'yoke connections are', illustrated at lower potential terminals R and'S on the transformer 63. The convrentionaldamper'tube 62 is illustratedv as having its cathode connected to transformer 63 at intermediate point 5, and its anodeV connected via. a horizontal tuning control inductance 64 to a suitableB-isupply (not illustrated), the center-tap of inductance 64 being connected viaa'B-boost `capacitor -to 'the' low potential i terminal Rl on the transformer 63. `Details `of components. andcircuitry conventionally associatediwith .yoke

circuitsgsuch as width controls,centering, circuits,..etc.

' have notbeenf'illustrated for thesakerofsimplifying nthe drawing. i

v"lhe'receivers high voltage supply includesarectifying diode 65, having its' anode connected: to -the yhighpotential terminalfZ ofthe horizontal-deflection. waveontput transformer63 and its cathodeconnected via capacitor. 67 and bleeder 68 iii-.parallel .to..ground; The supply output terminal U, to which the kinescopes ultor electrode 5t) for the ultor electrode by means of its connection to the cathode of diode 65. The requisite stability of the supplied ultor voltage is insured by the presence of a shunt regulator tube 69, having its anode connected to the terminal U, its cathode returned to ground via a B+ supply, and its control gridderiving an error or reference potentialfromzasuitable tapping'point on a 4bleeder 71 connected between terminal R (a point of B-boost potential) and ground.

The novel focus voltage supplyembodying the principles of the present invention/is incorporated injthe illustrated receiver as follows. Thexed terminals of a potentiometer 75 are connected-to respective intermediate points T and X on the horizontal output transformer 63. The adjustable tap 76 on potentiometer 75 is connected to the input electrode of the focus rectifier, i. e, torthe anode78 of a'diode 77. The cathode l:79er diodel77 is directly connected-tdthe'supply output terminal FJ to 'which the focusing-electrodes 47 of the kinescope electron gun structures are coupled. The-capacitor' 81` is connected between the'diode cathode`79 and a point of refselectively control the amplitude of the yback pulses supplied to rectifying diode 77. This contrasts with the con- `ventional focus supply,r inwhichthe amplitude of the y- 4'back'pulsessupplied`to`the'focus rectier remains fixed .and'adjusting potentiometer'is vconnected in the rectifier output circuit to` select a desired portioni of the recititiers :"DI-'Cfoutput 'Itw'ill be observed that the focusV voltage Vadjustingpotentiometer' 75j needl onlybe lsubject to a "periodicpulse'potential' difference across it corresponding to the width ofthe desired focus adjustment range. Thus, a low cost potentiometer, Vsuchv as one of' the Vordinary onewatt'c'arbon typeyfor examplegmay serve as the focus potentiometer75 of the nov'elsupply,` in contrast with the relatively costly; vhigh voltage Atype'required in the conventionaljsupply. fThe" focusbleeder resistance 83 required in' the novel supplymay be ai low cost, low power resistor (withwide tolerance), whereas rthe" focus bleeder resistance'required'in" the conventional supply is normally a "relatively costlytresistorof highy power rating, withtight tolerance '.requisite, In" the conventionalv focus supply, `a

focus inputilterv capacitor isrequiredv between the focus rectifier output electrode and a reference potential point, .as well as a bypass lterpcapacitor connected betweenv the potentiometer tap from which the output voltage is derived "and ',the "reference potentialvv point, whereas in the novel focus-supply described above a single capacitor 81 suflices, effectively serving both purposes. Y Y

' In a practical example of'the" focus supply circuit shown "in"Figure l, which has proved .quite satisfactory in operation, the circuit components having the following values: potentiometer 75?-240K,` capacitorrV 81-.01 nf., bleeder 83-50 megohms, the rectier 77 being of an experimental 1X2B type, and the' focus-voltagerarige over which adjustment may be effected being from 3750 volts to 5250 volts. With'the above-indicated circuit component values,

thenovel supply'possesses-a Ymaximum source impedance Y of approximately l"megohm, suitable yfor `satisfactory regulation of` the delivered'focus voltage, with a' total power dissipationjof approximately 1`watt. `It may be noted that isele'ction of-y circuit component values for the v.conventional type of .focus supply Vto -obtain comparable .regulation ertofobtainamaximum source impedance ofl 11 megohm) .would result in a focus` supply-having--a totalpower dissipationo approximately 6 watts. VIt may Vthus be appreciated -that `the simplified; supplyvzembodying fthe principles O- thepresentinvention, wherein vthe focus V)voltageiadjusting potentiometer controls the input. pulse Eamplitude in the focus rectifier input circuit, pernnts development of a well-regulated adjustable focus voltage with a saving in component cost and a saving 1n power dissipation relative to the usual focus supply, wherem the focus voltage adjusting potentiometer directly controls the D.C. output of the supply in the focus rectifier output circuit.

In Figure 2, a modification of the focus supply of Figlure 1 in accordance with another embodiment of the pres- 'ent invention is illustrated schematically. It will be noted .that the modification comprises (in addition to the inclusion of a current limiting resistor 85 in the connection of the rectifier cathode 79 to the focus supply output terminal F) return of the filter capacitor 81 and the bleeder resistance 83 to a point of B-boost potential,

-e. g. the low potential terminal R of transformer 63.

It may be appreciated that with respect to the develop- ,meut of the focus voltage the terminal R is effectively a point of reference potential. However, the advantage of returning the filter capacitor 81 and bleeder reslstance 83 thereto rather than to a point of zero D.-C. potential is that a reduction in the voltage rating of the capacitor 81 is thereby permitted. An accompanying reduction 1n magnitude is desirable as a protection against arcing between the ultor electrode and focus electrode in the kinescope 40.

A further modification of the circuit arrangements of Figures 1 or 2 is indicated by the schematic illustration of a portion of the focus supply in Figure 3. It will be noted that in the modified supply of Figure 3 the focus voltage adjusting potentiometer 75 is provided with a center-tap which is directly connected by a lead 74 to a point W on the horizontal output transformer 63 intermediate the terminals T and X, the point W being a point on the transformer having substantially the same liyback pulse potential as the potentiometer center-tap. A significant advantage of providing this center-tap connection to the transformer 63 is that, for a given maximum source impedance, a doubling of the resistance value of potentiometer 75 relative to that required where the center-tap connection is not made may be elected with a consequent substantial reduction of power dissipation; or, conversely, fora given resistance value of potentiometer 75 and thus a given amount of power dissipation, a halving of the maximum source impedance may be realized. It will of course be appreciated that advantages of a similar character may also be provided by connecting intermediate points on the potentiometer 75 other than the center-tap to respective intermediate points on the transformer 63 of corresponding tlyback pulse potential.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed 1s:

1. In a color television receiver including a color kinescope and a deflection wave transformer subject to the periodic `appearance of iiyback pulses, said receiver also including a source of B-boost potential, an adjustable focus voltage supply for developing a focus voltage for said color kinescope comprising in combination a potentiometer having a pair of fixed terminals and an adjustable tap, means for coupling said potentiometer fixed terminals to respective intermediate points on said transformer of differing fiyback pulse potential, a rectifier having an input electrode and an output electrode, means for coupling said rectifier input electrode to the adjustable tap on said potentiometer, a capacitor coupling said rectiylier output electrode to said source of B-boostpotential,

and means for deriving said focus voltage from said rectifier output electrode.

2. In a color television receiver including a color kinescope and a deflection wave transformer subject to the periodic appearance of iiyback pulses, an adjustable focus voltage supply for developing a focus voltage for said color kinescope comprising in combination a potentiometer having a pair of fixed terminals and an adjustable tap, said potentiometer also being provided with a fixed center-tap, means for coupling said potentiometer fixed terminals to respective intermediate points on said transformer of differing fiyback pulse potential, means for connecting said potentiometer center-tap to a point on said transformer of a flyback pulse potential intermediate the I fiyback pulse potentials of said intermediate points, a rectilier having an input electrode and an output electrode, means `for coupling said rectifier input electrode to the adjustable tap on said potentiometer, and means for deriving said focus voltage from said rectifier output electrode.

3. In a color television receiver including a color kinescope yand a deection wave transformer subject to the periodic appearance of yback pulses, an adjustable focus voltage supply for developing a focus voltage for said color kinescope comprising in combination a potentiometer having a pair of fixed terminals and an adjustable tap, means for coupling said potentiometer fixed terminals to respective intermediate points on said transformer of differingflyback pulse potential, means for providing a direct 4connection between an intermediate point on said potentiometer and a point on said transformer of corresponding flyback pulse potential, a rectifier having an input electrode and an output electrode, means for coupling said rectifier input electrode to the adjustable tap on said potentiometer, and means for deriving said focus voltage from said rectifier output electrode.

4. In a color television receiver including a color kinescope and a deflection wave transformer subject to the pey riodic appearance of tiyback pulses, said transformer having a plurality of output terminals of differing iiyback pulse potential, a power supply for developing a focus voltage for said color kinescope adjustable in a predetermined range comprising the combination of a potentiometer having a pair of fixed input terminals and an adjustable output terminal, means for 4connecting said potentiometer input terminals to respective ones of said transformer output terminals of respective yback pulse potentials which substantially correspond to the limits of the desired range of adjustment of said focus voltage, a rectifier having an input electrode and an output electrode, means for connecting said rectifier input electrode to said adjustable potentiometer output terminal, a capacitor coupling said rectifier output electrode to a point of reference potential, and a resistor shunting said capacitor, said adjustable focus voltage being derived from said rectifier output electrode.

5. In a color television receiver including a color kinescope comprising a beam focusing electrode and a deflection wave transformer subject to the periodic appearance of flyback pulses, said transformer having a plurality of output terminals at which said yback pulses appear with respectively different amplitudes of pulse potential, a power supply for developing an operating potential for lsaid :color kinescope focusing electrode adjustable in a predetermined range comprising the combination of a potentiometer having a pair of fixed input terminals and an adjustable output terminal, means for connecting said potentiometer input terminals to respective ones of said transformer output terminals of intermediate tiyback pulse potential amplitude substantially corresponding to the limits of the desired range of adjustment of said focus voltage, a diode having an anode and a cathode, means for connecting said diode anode to said adjustable potentiometer outputlterminahaapacitor ycoupling said diode cathode toi-amountA of reference.potential a resistor 'shunting said I caplcitonrand means lfonconnectingaid Qdiode` cathode to Vsaid color kinescopefocusing electrode. t

6. lna colonttelevision:receiver'inclding a color kinescope fcomprisingalfocusing electrode, and.' including a T'de'ction'wave transformer subject tothe periodic appear- :.,ancenf'ybabkpillsea saidtransformehavinga plurality ofupllt termi-nalsat which said `flyback pulses appear with ,respectivelyfdifferent amplitudes of pulsel potential, said receivenincludingraterminal at which a boosted B+ fpoteltil ,is provided; a'power supply for' developing an adjusfableoperting potential' for. said color kinescope' focusingelectrode, comprising'the lcombination of. apotentiome- ,ter hai/ing a.. Pinffxed input terminals and an adjustable outputfterminah means for connecting, said potentiometer `inpt1terminalsl to respective ones of said transformer outputvterminals, 'of interrrlediate",flybaicky pulse potential am- ;Iitig'de,.aire ctier'hayingn input "electrode and an output felectrode, meansfforconnec'tlng, said* rectifier input electrodcjto said adjustable potentiometer output terminal, a capacitor `coupling said rectiier output electrode to said boosted B-{ terminal, and a resistor shunting said capaciltQr; said"fo'cusing electrode operating potential being de- "rivd' from saidrectilier output jelectro'de.

7:4 In a' Vcolor television receiver including acolor'kinescope 'comprising -aibeam lfocusing A'electrode yand adeflec- "tiorrwave ,transformerisubject to'lthe"V periodic appearance of ybackpulses,' said'transformer' having a plurality of outputterminals at which said ffl'yback'p'ulses' appear With respectivelyv different amplitudes ofpu'lsepotential, a power "supply foi-developing operatingpotential for lsaidcolor "kinescope"A focusing-electrode; said" operating* potential beingadjustable inra, predetermined range,"comprising the combnationof-a1center=tapped`resistance,means for conmeeting one end-ofsaid peuter-tapped resistance to one of saidtransformer l-output 'terminals' having`v a lyback pulse upotential'substantiallyjcorrespending to the'upper limit of the Y desired range of 'adjustment-'of said focusvoltage, `A`meansiforconnecting t the-opposite 4end of `said center- `tappedresistancetcranother onejofsaid transformer out- -put terminals having a'llybaclc pulse potentialsubstanf ally-"corresponding/to lthefl'ower'limit-of the desired range #fo-adjustment-of' said -focuslvoltageg'means for connecting .,5 gterliinalsga rectiierhaving said receiver;'isgprovidedjyvithja ,Bjboosv tenninalfad whereinsaidj pqwerisppplyincldes acapjcitor goupldd between'said jrectilier outpntelectrode 'and saidB-loovst terminal. n Y i' scope and afdeflection-vyavefrrarfsforinersubject-tctleipe-` riodicappearanceroff ybaclcplscs,said transforme'r'jh'avjing a'plurality of o1 1tp11tterriii1'a`lsV ofifering -ilvbaekpulse potential; a: power' supplyI for developing-' focus'voltage 25 for saldi color kinescope'Il adjustable Aiu,l` axpredeteriined "rangecomprisingthecombination of a-potentiometei' hav- Yingy lzr'pair of lfixed inputfterminals andl an adjustable* outputy -terminalg'means for'lconnect'ing saidA potentiometer in- 'put 'terr'nn'alsgto respective onesof -said transformer output rterminals orespectiveybackf'pulse-potentialgwhich sub stantially correspondtofthe*limits of'ithe vdesiredt rangeof j-adjustmenb ofgsaidfocus Ivoltage;are'ctiier4 having an -in -jputelectrodejandan'output?electrodeg-meansfforconnect- -ingsaid rectifier-input electrode w1-saidy adjustableapo- 35 'tentiorneter'outputterminalg andacapacitorcouplingaid Y rectifier output electrode-tol afpoint vof reference potential, said adjustable focus voltage being derived fromsaid nect-ilier!out-p11 telectrde. Y

40 Referencesfitednthelei,ofihispatent 1 L UNITED'L# STATESPATENTS 2,628,326 Bridges ,Feb..10,1953 vv2,713,649 `:Parker -.luly A19, 19,55 

